gary_berg
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Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/23 02:17
Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms
8-13-3
GENEVA (Reuters) -- The explosion in fish farming in coastal waters around the world is a mounting danger to the environment and to the survival of wild species, the conservation organization WWF-International said on
Monday.
..
"The spread of the aquaculture (sea farming) industry must be controlled to avoid physical damage to coastal ecosystems and wild species and to lessen negative environmental impacts on coastal communities," WWF expert Simon Cripps said.
Farm-free zones and marine protected areas should be set up around coastlines to protect vulnerable species and the environment in which they lived.
The statement from the body -- known generally as the
World Wide Fund for Nature but called the World Wildlife
Fund in the United States -- was issued in advance of a major gathering of industry representatives in Norway on
Tuesday.
..
"The industry, which provides one third of the fish consumed globally, has been allowed to grow unchecked, resulting in an increasing number of environmental problems," ..
In 2002, the WWF said, more than 630,000 farmed salmon had escaped in Norway alone -- more than the total number of the already-endangered wild Atlantic salmon spawning in its rivers.
"Interbreeding with escaped farmed salmon is expected to alter in wild salmon the unique genetic makeup which allows them to migrate from freshwater to the ocean and back to freshwater to spawn," the statement added.
Fish farms on coastlines, the WWF said, can damage the environment by releasing food waste, pathogens and chemicals into the water and air. This had already caused damage to the habitat of other animals and fish in Scotland and Norway.
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gary_berg
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/24 06:11
<..>
Dream on, liar ball.
As for your other (like father like son) crap in this thread..
'You're a dirty liar, and I want to make that plainly known.
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bwater
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/24 10:33
[snip irrelevant basis for Dreck's argumentum ad verecundiam]
No, not "from his theories". He did not reach that inexpert conclusion from anything based on his theories. It has nothing to do with his theories, fuckwad.
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/24 15:35
In all, Billings takes speculation and fabricates elaboration, while trying to force frugivory into a box labelled omnivore, ..all held together with a mess of ad hominem blustering BS.
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/25 01:10
A loada crap.
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/25 13:24
ALL species should be omnivores then?
The way it works is that species specialise to fill a niche, and avoid competition.
We are not omnivores. That's why our eating meat in significant amounts is pathogenic.
Baseless ad hominem evasion.
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bwater
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/25 13:42
False. You have been conclusively proved wrong.
Humans are omnivores.
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/25 16:16
Darwin was not an expert in anatomy. You may not legitimately cite him as an authority.
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/25 19:14
<..>
Conklin-Brittain, Nancy Lou
Wrangham, Richard W.
Relating Chimpanzee Diets to Potential Australopithecine Diets
We report data using an ape model to reconstruct the nutrient composition of the frugivorous diet of our last common ancestor with African great apes. We aimed to determine whether the
African ape clade, from which hominids evolved, has any unusual features. We studied frugivory by comparing chimpanzee diets to that of three species of cercopithecine monkeys in Kibale Forest,
Uganda.
Data came from a 12-month period that showed inter-monthly variation in fruit abundance. The monkeys consumed stable nutrient levels except for lipid, which was low (3.2 +/- 2.0 % dry matter (DM)), but peaked at about 9% DM during ripe fruit abundance. Chimpanzees also consumed low lipid and sugar diets during fruit poor seasons. Protein intake reflected each species' fallback food: leaf consumption kept the protein levels high for monkeys (16.7 +/- 1.9% DM); chimpanzees relied on herbaceous piths and maintained a low protein intake (9.5 +/- 3.0% DM). Fallback food was probably also responsible for the high fiber (NDF) intakes by monkeys, which was not significantly different from chimpanzees' (32.4 +/- 3.6% NDF versus 33.6 +/- 4.5% NDF respectively).
Three conclusions emerge: fat intake was low for all frugivores, protein intake was low for chimpanzees, and fiber intake was high for all species. Our data (from a lipid-poor habitat) show that high lipid or high protein is not needed for normal health and reproduction of chimpanzees. Therefore, hominids were probably capable of living on a low-fat, low-protein diet such as would be provided by fibrous roots commonly found in a seasonal woodland environment.
http://www.cast.uark.edu/local/icaes/conferences/wburg/posters/nconklin/abstract.html
'According to Tuttle, the first substantive information on chimp diets was provided by Nissen in 1931 (p.75). In 1930 Nissen spent 75 days of a 3-month period tracking and observing chimps. He made direct unquantified observations and examined fecal deposits and leftovers at feeding sites. He also found "no evidence that they ate honey, eggs or animal prey" - this observation may have been too limited due to seasonal variations in the chimp diet.
In Reynolds and Reynolds (1965), Tuttle says that a 300 hour study of Budongo Forest chimps over an 8-month period revealed
"no evidence for avian eggs, termites or vertebrates", although they thought that insects formed 1% of their diet (p.81).
In another study of Budongo Forest chimps from 1966 to 1967,
Sugiyama did not observe "meat-eating or deliberate captures of arthropods", although he reported that "the chimpanzees did ingest small insects that infested figs" (p.82).
Tuttle says that later observations at Budongo by Suzuki revealed meat eating. Where the earlier observations wrong, or incomplete, or maybe an accurate reflection of their diet at the time? Did the chimps change their diet later? We do not know. Chimps sometimes change their diets on a monthly basis. A study of chimps at the
Kabogo Point region from 1961 to 1962 by Azuma and Toyoshima, revealed that they witnessed "only one instance of chimpanzees ingesting animal food, vis. termites or beetles from rotten wood." (p.87).
From 1963 to 1964, similar observations were found in Kasakati
Basin by a Kyoto University team, and when Izawa and Itani published in 1966 they reported "no chimpanzees eating insects, vertebrates, avian eggs, soil or tree leaves and found no trace in the 14 stools that they inspected " (p.86). In contrast Kawabe and Suzuki found the Kasakati chimps hunting in the same year (p.88), although only
14 of 174 fecal samples contained traces of insects and other animal foods. So perhaps these differing observations are due to seasonal variation, or even local differences (cultural variation) in feeding preferences - Tuttle does not reveal which. Maybe some of the chimps groups are 'vegetarian', while other are not. But see the Kortlandt observations below before believing that all chimps are meat-eaters.
..
Kortlandt states that predation by chimpanzees on vertebrates is undoubtedly a rather rare phenomenon among rainforest-dwelling populations of chimpanzees. Kortlandt lists the reasons given below in his evidence.
# the absence (or virtual absence) of animal matter in the digestive systems of hundreds of hunted, dissected or otherwise investigated cases
# the rarity of parasites indicating carnivorous habits
# rarity of pertinent field observations
# the responses when he placed live as well as dead potential prey animals along the chimpanzee paths at Beni (in the poorer environments of the savanna landscape however, predation on vertebrates appears to be much more common)
Kortlandt concludes this section on primate diets by saying that the wealth of flora and insect fauna in the rain-forest provides both chimpanzees and orang-utans with a dietary spectrum that seems wide enough to meet their nutritional requirements, without hunting and killing of vertebrates being necessary. It is in the poorer nutritional environments, where plant sources may be scarce or of low quality where carnivorous behaviour arises. Even then he says that the meat obtained are minimal and perhaps insufficient to meet basic needs. Finally he adds "The same conclusion applies, of course, to hominids . . . it is strange that most palaeoanthropologists have never been willing to accept the elementary facts on this matter that have emerged from both nutritional science and primate research." ..' http://venus.nildram.co.uk/veganmc/polemics.htm
Ad hominem doesn't cut it, suspect.
"The nutrient composition of the traditional rural Asian diet is very similar to the Mediterranean diet in that both are largely plant-based and both pyramids recommend that meat be consumed no more than once a month or more often in very small amounts," said T. Colin Campbell, Cornell professor of nutritional biochemistry, co-chair of the conference and director of the Cornell-China-Oxford Project.
"However, the Asian diet, which is significantly lower in total fat, may prove to be an even more healthful diet," he added.
"This pyramid reflects the growing body of research that suggests that Americans will not reduce their rate of cancers, cardiovascular disease and other chronic, degenerative diseases until they shift their diets away from animal-based foods to plant-based foods," Campbell said. "Evidence suggests that eating even small amounts of animal- based foods is linked at least for many individuals to significantly higher rates of cancers and cardiovascular diseases typically found in the United States." Further, he reported last year, merely eating some low-fat foods or complying with current U.S. dietary recommendations is unlikely to prevent much disease. The dietary recommendations, Campbell said, do not go far enough in reducing the total fat content of the diet, or, more to the point, in advocating the exchange of foods of animal origin for foods of plant origin. ..'
-restore-
Liar.
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bwater
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/25 20:31
You're not. You choose to waste your time on the bucket-o-shit.
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/25 23:04
"Darwin's work" (just FUCK OFF, Dreck; you have no awareness of "Darwin's work") does NOT support her.
Darwin's work was not about anatomy. Darwin was not competent EVEN FOR HIS OWN DAY in the study of comparative anatomy.
YOU have been proved wrong. The prostitute Leslie's claim is not supported.
He is not. He had no more than a layman's knowledge of contemporary anatomy. He never studied comparative anatomy; the science hadn't even begun.
You lose. As always. Uneducated tinkerers always lose.
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/26 01:46
Good point. Farmed salmon do make it into rivers, but they are less robust and have smaller brains than the wild salmon, who swim farther upstream to spawn. It has been known for some time that farm salmon do interbreed with wild populations, so apparently either some males manage to follow wild females upstream, or some wild males are remaining downstream with farmed females to successfully spawn compromised hybrid fish.
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/26 03:48
.. Seeds and nuts are also high in protein.
As it is, humans consume excessive protein anyway .. not a good thing.
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/26 11:33
Yay, .. but kinda sad that I've been compelled to do it, still, .. in progress. ..
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bwater
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/26 20:56
[...]
Reposting it over and over doesn't make it right. It's wrong, and you're wrong.
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/27 06:20
No. I like to point out what a stupid, pseudo-scientific (ANTI-scientific) airhead you are:
- "inner earth beings"
- "hollow earth"
- that goofy patent for a MANUFACTURED globe
- your helium-inflated number(s) for feed:beef
- rain forest destruction
- Brazil's exports (based on *Argentina's* trade)
You don't know what you're talking about, on anything.
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/27 11:26
Frugivores don't and never have eaten exclusively fruit.
For the zillionth time, show us physiological carnivorous adaptation.
You're a vegan motorcyclist as well, you stupid pathetic lying loser.
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/27 14:57
The prostitute Leslie has been proved wrong.
Darwin is not at issue. The prostitute Leslie and you are inappropriately citing Darwin.
He has *correctly* used the term. Your and the prostitute Leslie's appeal to authority in Darwin IS an argumentum ad verecundiam, because Darwin was not an expert in anatomy, first of all, and the study of paleolithic anatomy has progressed by orders of magnitude since Darwin's day, so even if he had a decent layman's understanding of anatomy in his day, it would be hopelessly out of date today.
Go to the BeyondVeg.com site, and you'll see many hundreds of instances.
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/28 22:02
"Chivers appears to define an omnivore as a general feeder with a gut morphology that supports a diet that includes significant amounts of all three types of foods: fruits, leaves, and animal matter. Such a gut morphology is not found in mammals, hence the term is indeed inappropriate for mammals." - T. Billings
<lol>
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re:Ecology Body Warns Of Dangers From Fish Farms - 2006/05/29 05:23
Everything about you is unethical, shirker.
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